Updated gitignore, got basic polygon UI pipeline rendering shapes with offsets/colors

.gitignore

@@ -30,3 +30,7 @@ roleplay
 .cache
 
 *.o
+
+*.spv
+
+.DS_Store

client/Makefile

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ CPP = /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/clang++
 DSYM = /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/dsymutil
 GDB = /opt/homebrew/opt/llvm/bin/lldb
 
-SOURCES = src/main.c src/render.c src/vma.cpp src/pipeline.c
+SOURCES = src/main.c src/render.c src/vma.cpp src/pipeline.c src/command.c
 OBJECTS = $(addsuffix .o, $(basename $(SOURCES)))
 VERT_SPV = $(addsuffix .vert.spv, $(basename $(wildcard shader_src/*.vert)))
 FRAG_SPV = $(addsuffix .frag.spv, $(basename $(wildcard shader_src/*.frag)))
@@ -38,13 +38,13 @@ clean_compdb:
 	rm -rf .compdb
 	rm compile_commands.json
 
-run: roleplay
+run: roleplay $(VERT_SPV) $(FRAG_SPV)
 	./roleplay
 
 roleplay.dSYM: roleplay
 	$(DSYM) roleplay
 
-debug: roleplay roleplay.dSYM
+debug: roleplay roleplay.dSYM $(VERT_SPV) $(FRAG_SPV)
 	$(GDB) roleplay
 
 

client/include/command.h

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+#ifndef COMMAND_H
+#define COMMAND_H
+
+#include "vulkan/vulkan_core.h"
+
+typedef struct QueueStruct {
+  VkQueue handle;
+  uint32_t family;
+  uint32_t index;
+} Queue;
+
+
+VkCommandBuffer command_begin_single(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool transfer_pool);
+
+VkResult command_end_single(VkDevice device, VkCommandBuffer command_buffer, VkCommandPool transfer_pool, Queue transfer_queue);
+
+VkResult command_transition_image_layout(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool transfer_pool, Queue transfer_queue, VkImageLayout old_layout, VkImageLayout new_layout, VkImage image, VkAccessFlags src_mask, VkAccessFlags dst_mask, VkPipelineStageFlags source, VkPipelineStageFlags dest, uint32_t source_family, uint32_t dest_family, VkImageAspectFlags aspect_flags);
+
+VkResult command_transition_image_layout(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool transfer_pool, Queue transfer_queue, VkImageLayout old_layout, VkImageLayout new_layout, VkImage image, VkAccessFlags src_mask, VkAccessFlags dst_mask, VkPipelineStageFlags source, VkPipelineStageFlags dest, uint32_t source_family, uint32_t dest_family, VkImageAspectFlags aspect_flags);
+
+#endif

client/include/pipeline.h

@@ -3,18 +3,24 @@
 
 #include "vulkan/vulkan_core.h"
 #include "cglm/types.h"
+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
+#include "command.h"
 
 typedef struct GraphicsPipelineStruct {
-  VkDescriptorPool      descriptor_pool;
-  VkDescriptorSet*      descriptors;
-
-  VkPipelineLayout      layout;
-  VkPipeline            pipeline;
+  VkPipelineLayout       layout;
+  VkPipeline             pipeline;
 } GraphicsPipeline;
 
-struct Vertex2 {
-  vec2 pos;
-  vec3 color;
+struct UIElement {
+  vec3 pos;
+  vec2 size;
+  vec4 color;
+};
+
+struct UIUniform {
+  vec2 size;
 };
 
+VkResult create_ui_polygon_pipeline(VkDevice device, VkRenderPass render_pass, VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptor_layout, VmaAllocator allocator, VkCommandPool transfer_pool, Queue transfer_queue, VmaAllocation* polygon_buffer_memory, VkBuffer* polygon_buffer, GraphicsPipeline* pipeline);
+
 #endif

client/include/render.h

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@
 
 #define VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK
 #include "vulkan/vulkan_core.h"
-#include "vulkan/vk_enum_string_helper.h"
 
 #include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
 
@@ -20,17 +19,11 @@
 #include <cglm/affine.h>
 #include <cglm/quat.h>
 #include <cglm/cam.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <string.h>
 
-extern const uint32_t MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
+#include "pipeline.h"
+#include "command.h"
 
-typedef struct QueueStruct {
-  VkQueue handle;
-  uint32_t family;
-  uint32_t index;
-} Queue;
+extern const uint32_t MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT;
 
 typedef struct SwapchainDetailsStruct {
   VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
@@ -83,14 +76,22 @@ typedef struct RenderContextStruct {
 
   VkFence* in_flight_fences;
 
-  VkPipeline ui_pipeline_rect;
-  VkPipeline ui_pipeline_text;
+  GraphicsPipeline ui_pipeline_polygon;
+  VkBuffer ui_polygon_buffer;
+  VmaAllocation ui_polygon_buffer_memory;
+
+  VkBuffer ui_descriptor_buffer;
+  VmaAllocation ui_descriptor_memory;
+  VkDescriptorSetLayout ui_descriptor_layout;
+  VkDescriptorPool ui_descriptor_pool;
+  VkDescriptorSet ui_descriptor_set;
+  GraphicsPipeline ui_pipeline_text;
 
   uint32_t current_frame;
 } RenderContext;
 
 GLFWwindow* init_window();
 VkResult init_vulkan(GLFWwindow* window, RenderContext* context);
-VkResult draw_frame(RenderContext* context);
+VkResult draw_frame(RenderContext* context, VkBuffer ui_polygons, uint32_t polygon_count);
 
 #endif

client/shader_src/ui_polygon.frag

@@ -0,0 +1,10 @@
+#version 450
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec4 fragColor;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 outColor;
+
+void main() {
+    outColor = fragColor;
+}
+

client/shader_src/ui_polygon.vert

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+#version 450
+#extension GL_EXT_buffer_reference : require
+
+layout(set = 0, binding = 0) uniform UIUniform {
+  vec2 screen;
+} scene;
+
+layout(location = 0) in vec2 inVertexPosition;
+layout(location = 1) in vec3 inPolygonPosition;
+layout(location = 2) in vec2 inPolygonSize;
+layout(location = 3) in vec4 inColor;
+
+layout(location = 0) out vec4 fragColor;
+
+void main() {
+  gl_Position = vec4(vec3(inVertexPosition * inPolygonSize, 0.0) + inPolygonPosition, 1.0);
+  fragColor = inColor;
+}
+

client/src/command.c

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+#include "command.h"
+
+VkCommandBuffer command_begin_single(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool transfer_pool) {
+  VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo command_info = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+    .level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
+    .commandPool = transfer_pool,
+    .commandBufferCount = 1,
+  };
+
+  VkCommandBuffer command_buffer;
+  VkResult result = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &command_info, &command_buffer);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+  }
+
+  VkCommandBufferBeginInfo begin_info = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
+    .flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT,
+  };
+
+  result = vkBeginCommandBuffer(command_buffer, &begin_info);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, transfer_pool, 1, &command_buffer);
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+  }
+
+  return command_buffer;
+}
+
+VkResult command_end_single(VkDevice device, VkCommandBuffer command_buffer, VkCommandPool transfer_pool, Queue transfer_queue) {
+  VkResult result = vkEndCommandBuffer(command_buffer);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, transfer_pool, 1, &command_buffer);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  VkSubmitInfo submit_info = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
+    .commandBufferCount = 1,
+    .pCommandBuffers = &command_buffer,
+  };
+
+  result = vkQueueSubmit(transfer_queue.handle, 1, &submit_info, 0);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, transfer_pool, 1, &command_buffer);
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  result = vkQueueWaitIdle(transfer_queue.handle);
+  vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, transfer_pool, 1, &command_buffer);
+  return result;
+}
+
+VkResult command_transition_image_layout(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool transfer_pool, Queue transfer_queue, VkImageLayout old_layout, VkImageLayout new_layout, VkImage image, VkAccessFlags src_mask, VkAccessFlags dst_mask, VkPipelineStageFlags source, VkPipelineStageFlags dest, uint32_t source_family, uint32_t dest_family, VkImageAspectFlags aspect_flags) {
+  VkCommandBuffer command_buffer = command_begin_single(device, transfer_pool);
+
+  VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
+    .oldLayout = old_layout,
+    .newLayout = new_layout,
+    .srcQueueFamilyIndex = source_family,
+    .dstQueueFamilyIndex = dest_family,
+    .image = image,
+    .subresourceRange = {
+      .aspectMask = aspect_flags,
+      .levelCount = 1,
+      .layerCount = 1,
+      .baseMipLevel = 0,
+      .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+    },
+    .srcAccessMask = src_mask,
+    .dstAccessMask = dst_mask,
+  };
+  vkCmdPipelineBarrier(command_buffer, source, dest, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, &barrier);
+
+  return command_end_single(device, command_buffer, transfer_pool, transfer_queue);
+}
+
+VkResult command_copy_buffer_to_image(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool transfer_pool, Queue transfer_queue, VkExtent3D image_size, VkBuffer source, VkImage dest) {
+  VkCommandBuffer command_buffer = command_begin_single(device, transfer_pool);
+
+  VkBufferImageCopy region = {
+    .bufferOffset = 0,
+    .bufferRowLength = 0,
+    .bufferImageHeight = 0,
+    .imageSubresource = {
+      .baseArrayLayer = 0,
+      .layerCount = 1,
+      .mipLevel = 0,
+      .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
+    },
+    .imageOffset = {
+      .x = 0,
+      .y = 0,
+      .z = 0,
+    },
+    .imageExtent = image_size,
+  };
+
+  vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(command_buffer, source, dest, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region);
+
+  return command_end_single(device, command_buffer, transfer_pool, transfer_queue);
+}

client/src/main.c

@@ -2,10 +2,68 @@
 #include "vulkan/vk_enum_string_helper.h"
 
 VkResult render_thread(GLFWwindow* window, RenderContext* render_context) {
+  VkBuffer test_ui_buffer;
+  VmaAllocation test_ui_memory;
+
+  VkBufferCreateInfo test_ui_buffer_info = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+    .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT,
+    .size = 3*sizeof(struct UIElement),
+    .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+  };
+
+  VmaAllocationCreateInfo test_ui_memory_info = {
+    .usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU,
+  };
+
+  VkResult result = vmaCreateBuffer(render_context->allocator, &test_ui_buffer_info, &test_ui_memory_info, &test_ui_buffer, &test_ui_memory, NULL);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  struct UIElement* mapped;
+
+  result = vmaMapMemory(render_context->allocator, test_ui_memory, (void**)&mapped);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  mapped[0].size[0] = 0.5;
+  mapped[0].size[1] = 0.5;
+  mapped[0].color[0] = 1.0;
+  mapped[0].color[1] = 0.0;
+  mapped[0].color[2] = 0.0;
+  mapped[0].color[3] = 1.0;
+  mapped[0].pos[0] = 0.0;
+  mapped[0].pos[1] = 0.0;
+  mapped[0].pos[2] = 0.5;
+
+  mapped[1].size[0] = 0.5;
+  mapped[1].size[1] = 0.5;
+  mapped[1].color[0] = 0.0;
+  mapped[1].color[1] = 1.0;
+  mapped[1].color[2] = 0.0;
+  mapped[1].color[3] = 1.0;
+  mapped[1].pos[0] = 0.5;
+  mapped[1].pos[1] = 0.0;
+  mapped[1].pos[2] = 0.5;
+
+  mapped[2].size[0] = 0.5;
+  mapped[2].size[1] = 0.5;
+  mapped[2].color[0] = 0.0;
+  mapped[2].color[1] = 0.0;
+  mapped[2].color[2] = 1.0;
+  mapped[2].color[3] = 1.0;
+  mapped[2].pos[0] = 0.0;
+  mapped[2].pos[1] = 0.5;
+  mapped[2].pos[2] = 0.5;
+
+  vmaUnmapMemory(render_context->allocator, test_ui_memory);
+
   while(glfwWindowShouldClose(window) == 0) {
     glfwPollEvents();
 
-    VkResult result = draw_frame(render_context);
+    result = draw_frame(render_context, test_ui_buffer, 3);
     if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
       fprintf(stderr, "draw_frame error: %s\n", string_VkResult(result));
       return result;

client/src/pipeline.c

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "pipeline.h"
 #include "stdio.h"
 #include "stdlib.h"
+#include "vulkan/vulkan_core.h"
 
 VkShaderModule load_shader_file(const char* path, VkDevice device) {
   FILE* file;
@@ -44,14 +45,10 @@ VkShaderModule load_shader_file(const char* path, VkDevice device) {
   return shader;
 }
 
-VkResult create_ui_rect_pipeline(VkDevice device, VkRenderPass render_pass, GraphicsPipeline* out) {
-  if(out == NULL) {
-    return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;
-  }
-
-  VkShaderModule vert_shader = load_shader_file("shader_src/ui_rect.vert.spv", device);
-  VkShaderModule frag_shader = load_shader_file("shader_src/ui_rect.frag.spv", device);
-  VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shader_stages[2] = {
+VkResult create_ui_polygon_pipeline(VkDevice device, VkRenderPass render_pass, VkDescriptorSetLayout descriptor_layout, VmaAllocator allocator, VkCommandPool transfer_pool, Queue transfer_queue, VmaAllocation* polygon_buffer_memory, VkBuffer* polygon_buffer, GraphicsPipeline* pipeline) {
+  VkShaderModule vert_shader = load_shader_file("shader_src/ui_polygon.vert.spv", device);
+  VkShaderModule frag_shader = load_shader_file("shader_src/ui_polygon.frag.spv", device);
+  VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo shader_stages[] = {
     {
       .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_SHADER_STAGE_CREATE_INFO,
       .stage = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
@@ -66,29 +63,47 @@ VkResult create_ui_rect_pipeline(VkDevice device, VkRenderPass render_pass, Grap
     },
   };
 
-  VkVertexInputBindingDescription bindings[1] = {
+  VkVertexInputBindingDescription bindings[] = {
+    {
+      .binding = 0,
+      .stride = sizeof(vec2),
+      .inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX,
+    },
     {
-      .binding = 0, // Which buffer 'binding' to use
-      .stride = sizeof(struct Vertex2), // How many bytes to increase the index between instance
-      .inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_VERTEX, // Whether an instance is a vertex or an index
+      .binding = 1,
+      .stride = sizeof(struct UIElement),
+      .inputRate = VK_VERTEX_INPUT_RATE_INSTANCE,
     },
   };
 
-  VkVertexInputAttributeDescription attributes[3] = {
+  VkVertexInputAttributeDescription attributes[] = {
     {
-      .binding = 0, // Which buffer 'binding' to use
-      .location = 0, // Which 'location' to export as to shader
-      .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT, // What format to interpret as for shader
-      .offset = offsetof(struct Vertex2, pos), // What offset from instance start
+      .binding = 0,
+      .location = 0,
+      .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
+      .offset = 0,
     },
     {
-      .binding = 0,
+      .binding = 1,
       .location = 1,
       .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32_SFLOAT,
-      .offset = offsetof(struct Vertex2, color),
+      .offset = offsetof(struct UIElement, pos),
+    },
+    {
+      .binding = 1,
+      .location = 2,
+      .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32_SFLOAT,
+      .offset = offsetof(struct UIElement, size),
+    },
+    {
+      .binding = 1,
+      .location = 3,
+      .format = VK_FORMAT_R32G32B32A32_SFLOAT,
+      .offset = offsetof(struct UIElement, color),
     },
   };
 
+
   VkPipelineVertexInputStateCreateInfo input_info = {
     .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_VERTEX_INPUT_STATE_CREATE_INFO,
     .pVertexBindingDescriptions = bindings,
@@ -97,19 +112,13 @@ VkResult create_ui_rect_pipeline(VkDevice device, VkRenderPass render_pass, Grap
     .vertexAttributeDescriptionCount = sizeof(attributes)/sizeof(VkVertexInputAttributeDescription),
   };
 
-  VkPushConstantRange pcr = {
-    .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_ALL,
-    .offset = 0,
-    .size = sizeof(VkDeviceAddress),
-  };
-
   VkPipelineLayoutCreateInfo layout_info = {
     .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_PIPELINE_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
-    .pushConstantRangeCount = 1,
-    .pPushConstantRanges = &pcr,
+    .setLayoutCount = 1,
+    .pSetLayouts = &descriptor_layout,
   };
 
-  VkResult result = vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &layout_info, 0, &out->layout);
+  VkResult result = vkCreatePipelineLayout(device, &layout_info, 0, &pipeline->layout);
   if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
     return result;
   }
@@ -223,7 +232,7 @@ VkResult create_ui_rect_pipeline(VkDevice device, VkRenderPass render_pass, Grap
 
   VkGraphicsPipelineCreateInfo draw_pipeline_info = {
     .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_GRAPHICS_PIPELINE_CREATE_INFO,
-    .stageCount = 2,
+    .stageCount = sizeof(shader_stages)/sizeof(VkPipelineShaderStageCreateInfo),
     .pStages = shader_stages,
     .pVertexInputState = &input_info,
     .pInputAssemblyState = &input_assembly_info,
@@ -233,17 +242,83 @@ VkResult create_ui_rect_pipeline(VkDevice device, VkRenderPass render_pass, Grap
     .pDynamicState = &dynamic_info,
     .pDepthStencilState = &depth_info,
     .pMultisampleState = &multisample_info,
-    .layout = out->layout,
+    .layout = pipeline->layout,
     .renderPass = render_pass,
     .subpass = 0,
     .basePipelineHandle = VK_NULL_HANDLE,
     .basePipelineIndex = -1,
   };
 
-  result = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &draw_pipeline_info, 0, &out->pipeline);
+  result = vkCreateGraphicsPipelines(device, VK_NULL_HANDLE, 1, &draw_pipeline_info, 0, &pipeline->pipeline);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  // Create and populate polygon buffer 
+  uint32_t polygon_buffer_size = 3 * sizeof(vec2);
+  VkBufferCreateInfo temp_buffer_info = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+    .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_SRC_BIT,
+    .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+    .size = polygon_buffer_size
+  };
+
+  VmaAllocationCreateInfo temp_allocation_info = {
+    .usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU,
+  };
+
+  VkBuffer temp_buffer;
+  VmaAllocation temp_buffer_memory;
+  result = vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &temp_buffer_info, &temp_allocation_info, &temp_buffer, &temp_buffer_memory, NULL);
   if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
     return result;
   }
 
+  VkBufferCreateInfo buffer_info = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+    .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_VERTEX_BUFFER_BIT | VK_BUFFER_USAGE_TRANSFER_DST_BIT,
+    .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+    .size = polygon_buffer_size,
+  };
+
+  VmaAllocationCreateInfo allocation_info = {
+    .usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_GPU_ONLY,
+  };
+
+  result = vmaCreateBuffer(allocator, &buffer_info, &allocation_info, polygon_buffer, polygon_buffer_memory, NULL);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  vec2* mapped;
+  result = vmaMapMemory(allocator, temp_buffer_memory, (void**)&mapped);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  mapped[0][0] = 0.0f;
+  mapped[0][1] = 0.0f;
+  mapped[1][0] = 1.0f;
+  mapped[1][1] = 0.0f;
+  mapped[2][0] = 0.0f;
+  mapped[2][1] = 1.0f;
+
+  vmaUnmapMemory(allocator, temp_buffer_memory);
+
+  VkCommandBuffer copy_buffer = command_begin_single(device, transfer_pool);
+  VkBufferCopy copy_region = {
+    .size = polygon_buffer_size,
+    .dstOffset = 0,
+    .srcOffset = 0,
+  };
+  vkCmdCopyBuffer(copy_buffer, temp_buffer, *polygon_buffer, 1, &copy_region);
+
+  result = command_end_single(device, copy_buffer, transfer_pool, transfer_queue);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  vmaDestroyBuffer(allocator, temp_buffer, temp_buffer_memory);
+
   return VK_SUCCESS;
 }

client/src/render.c

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 #include "render.h"
+#include "pipeline.h"
+#include "vk_mem_alloc.h"
 #include "vulkan/vulkan_core.h"
 
 const uint32_t MAX_FRAMES_IN_FLIGHT = 2;
@@ -81,7 +83,6 @@ bool check_validation_layers(const char ** layers, uint32_t num_layers) {
 
 VkResult create_instance(VkInstance* instance) {
   if(check_validation_layers(validation_layers, validation_layer_count) == false) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "requested validation layers not supported\n");
     return VK_ERROR_VALIDATION_FAILED_EXT;
   }
 
@@ -122,7 +123,6 @@ VkResult create_instance(VkInstance* instance) {
 
   VkResult result = vkCreateInstance(&instance_info, 0, instance);
   if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "vkCreateInstance: %s\n", string_VkResult(result));
     return result;
   }
 
@@ -159,7 +159,6 @@ VkResult create_debug_messenger(VkInstance instance, VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT* d
   VkResult result;
   result = func(instance, &messenger_info, 0, debug_messenger);
   if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "failed to create debug messenger\n");
     return result;
   }
 
@@ -646,109 +645,6 @@ VkResult create_render_pass(VkDevice device, VkSurfaceFormatKHR format, VkFormat
   return VK_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-VkCommandBuffer command_begin_single(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool transfer_pool) {
-  VkCommandBufferAllocateInfo command_info = {
-    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_ALLOCATE_INFO,
-    .level = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_LEVEL_PRIMARY,
-    .commandPool = transfer_pool,
-    .commandBufferCount = 1,
-  };
-
-  VkCommandBuffer command_buffer;
-  VkResult result = vkAllocateCommandBuffers(device, &command_info, &command_buffer);
-  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-  }
-
-  VkCommandBufferBeginInfo begin_info = {
-    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_COMMAND_BUFFER_BEGIN_INFO,
-    .flags = VK_COMMAND_BUFFER_USAGE_ONE_TIME_SUBMIT_BIT,
-  };
-
-  result = vkBeginCommandBuffer(command_buffer, &begin_info);
-  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-    vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, transfer_pool, 1, &command_buffer);
-    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
-  }
-
-  return command_buffer;
-}
-
-VkResult command_end_single(VkDevice device, VkCommandBuffer command_buffer, VkCommandPool transfer_pool, Queue transfer_queue) {
-  VkResult result = vkEndCommandBuffer(command_buffer);
-  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-    vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, transfer_pool, 1, &command_buffer);
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  VkSubmitInfo submit_info = {
-    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SUBMIT_INFO,
-    .commandBufferCount = 1,
-    .pCommandBuffers = &command_buffer,
-  };
-
-  result = vkQueueSubmit(transfer_queue.handle, 1, &submit_info, 0);
-  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
-    vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, transfer_pool, 1, &command_buffer);
-    return result;
-  }
-
-  result = vkQueueWaitIdle(transfer_queue.handle);
-  vkFreeCommandBuffers(device, transfer_pool, 1, &command_buffer);
-  return result;
-}
-
-VkResult command_transition_image_layout(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool transfer_pool, Queue transfer_queue, VkImageLayout old_layout, VkImageLayout new_layout, VkImage image, VkAccessFlags src_mask, VkAccessFlags dst_mask, VkPipelineStageFlags source, VkPipelineStageFlags dest, uint32_t source_family, uint32_t dest_family, VkImageAspectFlags aspect_flags) {
-  VkCommandBuffer command_buffer = command_begin_single(device, transfer_pool);
-
-  VkImageMemoryBarrier barrier = {
-    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_IMAGE_MEMORY_BARRIER,
-    .oldLayout = old_layout,
-    .newLayout = new_layout,
-    .srcQueueFamilyIndex = source_family,
-    .dstQueueFamilyIndex = dest_family,
-    .image = image,
-    .subresourceRange = {
-      .aspectMask = aspect_flags,
-      .levelCount = 1,
-      .layerCount = 1,
-      .baseMipLevel = 0,
-      .baseArrayLayer = 0,
-    },
-    .srcAccessMask = src_mask,
-    .dstAccessMask = dst_mask,
-  };
-  vkCmdPipelineBarrier(command_buffer, source, dest, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, &barrier);
-
-  return command_end_single(device, command_buffer, transfer_pool, transfer_queue);
-}
-
-VkResult command_copy_buffer_to_image(VkDevice device, VkCommandPool transfer_pool, Queue transfer_queue, VkExtent3D image_size, VkBuffer source, VkImage dest) {
-  VkCommandBuffer command_buffer = command_begin_single(device, transfer_pool);
-
-  VkBufferImageCopy region = {
-    .bufferOffset = 0,
-    .bufferRowLength = 0,
-    .bufferImageHeight = 0,
-    .imageSubresource = {
-      .baseArrayLayer = 0,
-      .layerCount = 1,
-      .mipLevel = 0,
-      .aspectMask = VK_IMAGE_ASPECT_COLOR_BIT,
-    },
-    .imageOffset = {
-      .x = 0,
-      .y = 0,
-      .z = 0,
-    },
-    .imageExtent = image_size,
-  };
-
-  vkCmdCopyBufferToImage(command_buffer, source, dest, VK_IMAGE_LAYOUT_TRANSFER_DST_OPTIMAL, 1, &region);
-
-  return command_end_single(device, command_buffer, transfer_pool, transfer_queue);
-}
-
 VkResult create_swapchain_framebuffers(VkDevice device, uint32_t image_count, VkImageView* image_views, VkImageView depth_image_view, VkRenderPass render_pass, VkExtent2D extent, VkFramebuffer** framebuffers) {
   *framebuffers = malloc(sizeof(VkFramebuffer)*image_count);
   if(*framebuffers == 0) {
@@ -1043,12 +939,110 @@ VkResult init_vulkan(GLFWwindow* window, RenderContext* context) {
     return result;
   }
 
-  context->current_frame = 0;
+  VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding ui_descriptor_bindings[] = {
+    {
+      .binding = 0,
+      .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+      .descriptorCount = 1,
+      .stageFlags = VK_SHADER_STAGE_VERTEX_BIT,
+    }
+  };
+
+  VkDescriptorSetLayoutCreateInfo ui_descriptor_info = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_LAYOUT_CREATE_INFO,
+    .pBindings = ui_descriptor_bindings,
+    .bindingCount = sizeof(ui_descriptor_bindings)/sizeof(VkDescriptorSetLayoutBinding),
+  }; 
+
+  result = vkCreateDescriptorSetLayout(context->device, &ui_descriptor_info, NULL, &context->ui_descriptor_layout);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  VkDescriptorPoolSize pool_size = {
+    .type = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+    .descriptorCount = 1,
+  };
+
+  VkDescriptorPoolCreateInfo ui_pool_info = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_POOL_CREATE_INFO,
+    .pPoolSizes = &pool_size,
+    .poolSizeCount = 1,
+    .maxSets = 1,
+  };
+
+  result = vkCreateDescriptorPool(context->device, &ui_pool_info, NULL, &context->ui_descriptor_pool);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  VkDescriptorSetAllocateInfo ui_descriptor_allocate_info = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DESCRIPTOR_SET_ALLOCATE_INFO,
+    .pSetLayouts = &context->ui_descriptor_layout,
+    .descriptorSetCount = 1,
+    .descriptorPool = context->ui_descriptor_pool,
+  };
+
+  result = vkAllocateDescriptorSets(context->device, &ui_descriptor_allocate_info, &context->ui_descriptor_set);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
 
+  VkBufferCreateInfo ui_uniform_buffer_info = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_BUFFER_CREATE_INFO,
+    .usage = VK_BUFFER_USAGE_UNIFORM_BUFFER_BIT,
+    .size = sizeof(struct UIUniform),
+    .sharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE,
+  };
+
+  VmaAllocationCreateInfo ui_uniform_memory_info = {
+    .usage = VMA_MEMORY_USAGE_CPU_TO_GPU,
+  };
+
+  result = vmaCreateBuffer(context->allocator, &ui_uniform_buffer_info, &ui_uniform_memory_info, &context->ui_descriptor_buffer, &context->ui_descriptor_memory, NULL);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  void * mapped;
+  result = vmaMapMemory(context->allocator, context->ui_descriptor_memory, &mapped);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
+  struct UIUniform ui_uniform = {
+    .size = {context->swapchain_extent.width, context->swapchain_extent.height}
+  };
+  memcpy(mapped, &ui_uniform, sizeof(ui_uniform));
+  vmaUnmapMemory(context->allocator, context->ui_descriptor_memory);
+
+  VkDescriptorBufferInfo ui_uniform_info = {
+    .offset = 0,
+    .range = sizeof(ui_uniform),
+    .buffer = context->ui_descriptor_buffer,
+  };
+
+  VkWriteDescriptorSet ui_uniform_write = {
+    .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_WRITE_DESCRIPTOR_SET,
+    .dstSet = context->ui_descriptor_set,
+    .dstBinding = 0,
+    .dstArrayElement = 0,
+    .descriptorType = VK_DESCRIPTOR_TYPE_UNIFORM_BUFFER,
+    .descriptorCount = 1,
+    .pBufferInfo = &ui_uniform_info,
+  };
+
+  vkUpdateDescriptorSets(context->device, 1, &ui_uniform_write, 0, NULL);
+
+  result = create_ui_polygon_pipeline(context->device, context->render_pass, context->ui_descriptor_layout, context->allocator, context->transfer_pool, context->transfer_queue, &context->ui_polygon_buffer_memory, &context->ui_polygon_buffer, &context->ui_pipeline_polygon);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return result;
+  }
+
+  context->current_frame = 0;
   return VK_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-VkResult draw_frame(RenderContext* context) {
+VkResult draw_frame(RenderContext* context, VkBuffer ui_polygons, uint32_t ui_polygon_count) {
   VkResult result;
 
   result = vkWaitForFences(context->device, 1, &context->in_flight_fences[context->current_frame], VK_TRUE, UINT64_MAX);
@@ -1081,7 +1075,7 @@ VkResult draw_frame(RenderContext* context) {
     return result;
   }
 
-  VkClearValue clear_color = {{{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}}};
+  VkClearValue clear_values[2] = {{.color={{0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f}}}, {.depthStencil={1.0f, 0.0f}}};
 
   VkRenderPassBeginInfo render_pass_begin = {
     .sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_RENDER_PASS_BEGIN_INFO,
@@ -1089,10 +1083,19 @@ VkResult draw_frame(RenderContext* context) {
     .framebuffer = context->swapchain_framebuffers[image_index],
     .renderArea.offset = {0, 0},
     .renderArea.extent = context->swapchain_extent,
-    .clearValueCount = 1,
-    .pClearValues = &clear_color,
+    .clearValueCount = 2,
+    .pClearValues = clear_values,
   };
   vkCmdBeginRenderPass(context->swapchain_command_buffers[context->current_frame], &render_pass_begin, VK_SUBPASS_CONTENTS_INLINE);
+
+  // Draw UI polygons
+  vkCmdBindPipeline(context->swapchain_command_buffers[context->current_frame], VK_PIPELINE_BIND_POINT_GRAPHICS, context->ui_pipeline_polygon.pipeline);
+  VkDeviceSize offset = 0;
+  vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(context->swapchain_command_buffers[context->current_frame], 0, 1, &context->ui_polygon_buffer, &offset);
+  VkDeviceSize offset2 = 0;
+  vkCmdBindVertexBuffers(context->swapchain_command_buffers[context->current_frame], 1, 1, &ui_polygons, &offset2);
+  vkCmdDraw(context->swapchain_command_buffers[context->current_frame], 3, ui_polygon_count, 0, 0);
+
   vkCmdEndRenderPass(context->swapchain_command_buffers[context->current_frame]);
 
   result = vkEndCommandBuffer(context->swapchain_command_buffers[context->current_frame]);