Added more setup(up to swapchain), and added dev/run to Makefile

Makefile

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
-CFLAGS = -I/usr/local/include -O2 -Wall -Wextra
+CFLAGS = -I/usr/local/include -O0 -g -Wall -Wextra
 LDFLAGS = -L/usr/local/lib -lglfw -lvulkan -ldl -Xlinker -rpath -Xlinker /usr/local/lib
-CC = gcc
+CC = clang
+GDB = lldb
 
 SOURCES = $(wildcard src/*.c)
 
@@ -39,3 +40,9 @@ clean:
 clean_compdb:
 	rm -rf .compdb
 	rm compile_commands.json
+
+run: spacegame
+	./spacegame
+
+debug: spacegame
+	$(GDB) spacegame

src/main.c

@@ -1,12 +1,72 @@
+#define VK_USE_PLATFORM_MACOS_MVK
 #include "vulkan/vulkan_core.h"
 #define GLFW_INCLUDE_VULKAN
 #include <GLFW/glfw3.h>
+#define GLFW_EXPOSE_NATIVE_COCOA
+#include <GLFW/glfw3native.h>
 
 #define GLM_FORCE_RADIANS
 #define GLM_FORCE_DEPTH_ZERO_TO_ONE
 #include <cglm/mat4.h>
 #include <cglm/vec4.h>
 #include <stdio.h>
+#include <string.h>
+
+typedef struct QueueIndicesStruct {
+  uint32_t graphics_family;
+  uint32_t graphics_index;
+
+  uint32_t present_family;
+  uint32_t present_index;
+} QueueIndices;
+
+typedef struct QueuesStruct {
+  VkQueue graphics;
+  VkQueue present;
+} Queues;
+
+typedef struct SwapchainDetailsStruct {
+  VkSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR capabilities;
+
+  VkSurfaceFormatKHR* formats;
+  uint32_t formats_count;
+
+  VkPresentModeKHR* present_modes;
+  uint32_t present_modes_count;
+} SwapchainDetails;
+
+typedef struct VulkanContextStruct {
+  VkInstance instance;
+  VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debug_messenger;
+  VkPhysicalDevice physical_device;
+
+  QueueIndices queue_indices;
+  VkDevice device;
+  Queues queues;
+
+  VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+
+  SwapchainDetails swapchain_details;
+  VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
+} VulkanContext;
+
+const char * validation_layers[] = {
+  "VK_LAYER_KHRONOS_validation",
+};
+uint32_t validation_layer_count = sizeof(validation_layers) / sizeof(const char *);
+
+const char * instance_extensions[] = {
+  VK_KHR_PORTABILITY_ENUMERATION_EXTENSION_NAME,
+  VK_EXT_DEBUG_UTILS_EXTENSION_NAME,
+  VK_MVK_MACOS_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
+  VK_KHR_SURFACE_EXTENSION_NAME,
+};
+uint32_t instance_extension_count = sizeof(instance_extensions) / sizeof(const char *);
+
+const char * device_extensions[] = {
+  VK_KHR_SWAPCHAIN_EXTENSION_NAME,
+};
+uint32_t device_extension_count = sizeof(device_extensions) / sizeof(const char *);
 
 void glfw_error(int error, const char* description) {
   fprintf(stderr, "GLFW_ERR: 0x%02x - %s\n", error, description);
@@ -24,10 +84,193 @@ GLFWwindow* init_window(int width, int height) {
   return window;
 }
 
+bool check_validation_layers(const char ** layers, uint32_t num_layers) {
+  uint32_t layer_count;
+  VkResult result;
+
+  result = vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layer_count, 0);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return false;
+  }
+
+  VkLayerProperties* available_layers = malloc(sizeof(VkLayerProperties)*layer_count);
+
+  result = vkEnumerateInstanceLayerProperties(&layer_count, available_layers);
+
+  for(uint32_t i = 0; i < num_layers; i++) {
+    bool found = false;
+    for(uint32_t j = 0; j < layer_count; j++) {
+      if(strcmp(layers[i], available_layers[j].layerName) == 0) {
+        found = true;
+      }
+    }
+    if(found == false) {
+      free(available_layers);
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  free(available_layers);
+  return true;
+};
+
+static VKAPI_ATTR VkBool32 VKAPI_CALL debug_callback(
+  VkDebugUtilsMessageSeverityFlagBitsEXT severity,
+  VkDebugUtilsMessageTypeFlagsEXT type,
+  const VkDebugUtilsMessengerCallbackDataEXT* callback_data,
+  void* user_data) {
+
+  (void)severity;
+  (void)type;
+  (void)user_data;
+
+  fprintf(stderr, "Validation layer: %s\n", callback_data->pMessage);
+
+  return VK_FALSE;
+};
+
+VkSurfaceKHR create_surface_khr(VkInstance instance, GLFWwindow* window) {
+  VkSurfaceKHR surface;
+  VkResult result = glfwCreateWindowSurface(instance, window, 0, &surface);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+  }
+
+  return surface;
+}
+
+VkPhysicalDevice get_best_physical_device(VkInstance instance) {
+  VkPhysicalDevice device = VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+
+  uint32_t device_count = 0;
+  VkResult result;
+  result = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &device_count, 0);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+  }
+
+  VkPhysicalDevice* devices = malloc(sizeof(VkPhysicalDevice)*device_count);
+  result = vkEnumeratePhysicalDevices(instance, &device_count, devices);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    free(devices);
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+  }
+
+  int top_score = -1;
+  for(uint32_t i = 0; i < device_count; i++) {
+    int score = 0;
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceProperties properties;
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceProperties(devices[i], &properties);
+
+    VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures features;
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceFeatures(devices[i], &features);
+
+    switch(properties.deviceType) {
+    case VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_DISCRETE_GPU:
+      score += 100;
+      break;
+    case VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_VIRTUAL_GPU:
+      score += 50;
+      break;
+    case VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_INTEGRATED_GPU:
+      score += 25;
+      break;
+    case VK_PHYSICAL_DEVICE_TYPE_CPU:
+      score += 0;
+      break;
+    default:
+      continue;
+    }
+
+    if(score > top_score) {
+      top_score = score;
+      device = devices[i];
+    }
+  }
+
+  free(devices);
+
+  return device;
+}
+
+struct MaybeQueueIndices {
+  bool valid;
+  QueueIndices indices;
+};
+
+struct MaybeQueueIndices get_queue_indices(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device, VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
+  struct MaybeQueueIndices ret = {};
+  ret.indices.graphics_family = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  ret.indices.graphics_index  = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  ret.indices.present_family  = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+  ret.indices.present_index   = 0xFFFFFFFF;
+
+  uint32_t queue_family_count;
+  vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_device, &queue_family_count, 0);
+
+  VkQueueFamilyProperties* queue_families = malloc(sizeof(VkQueueFamilyProperties)*queue_family_count);
+
+  vkGetPhysicalDeviceQueueFamilyProperties(physical_device, &queue_family_count, queue_families);
+
+  for(uint32_t i = 0;
+      (i < queue_family_count)
+      && ((ret.indices.graphics_family == 0xFFFFFFFF) || (ret.indices.present_family == 0xFFFFFFFF));
+      i++) {
+    if(queue_families[i].queueFlags & VK_QUEUE_GRAPHICS_BIT) {
+      ret.indices.graphics_family = i;
+      ret.indices.graphics_index = 0;
+    }
+
+    VkBool32 present_support = false;
+    vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceSupportKHR(physical_device, i, surface, &present_support);
+
+    if(present_support == VK_TRUE) {
+      ret.indices.present_family = i;
+      ret.indices.present_index = 0;
+    }
+  }
+
+  if((ret.indices.graphics_family != 0xFFFFFFFF) && (ret.indices.present_family != 0xFFFFFFFF)) {
+    ret.valid = true;
+  }
+
+  free(queue_families);
+
+  return ret;
+}
+
+VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT create_debug_messenger(VkInstance instance) {
+  VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debug_messenger;
+
+  VkDebugUtilsMessengerCreateInfoEXT messenger_info = {};
+  messenger_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSENGER_CREATE_INFO_EXT;
+  messenger_info.messageSeverity = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_SEVERITY_VERBOSE_BIT_EXT;
+  messenger_info.messageType = VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_GENERAL_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_VALIDATION_BIT_EXT | VK_DEBUG_UTILS_MESSAGE_TYPE_PERFORMANCE_BIT_EXT;
+  messenger_info.pfnUserCallback = debug_callback;
+  messenger_info.pUserData = 0;
+
+  PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT func = (PFN_vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(instance, "vkCreateDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
+
+  VkResult result;
+  result = func(instance, &messenger_info, 0, &debug_messenger);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "failed to create debug messenger\n");
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+  }
+
+  return debug_messenger;
+}
+
 VkInstance create_instance() {
   VkInstance instance;
 
-  VkApplicationInfo app_info;
+  if(check_validation_layers(validation_layers, validation_layer_count) == false) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "requested validation layers not supported");
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+  }
+
+  VkApplicationInfo app_info = {};
   app_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_APPLICATION_INFO;
   app_info.pApplicationName = "spacegame";
   app_info.applicationVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(0, 0, 1);
@@ -35,33 +278,36 @@ VkInstance create_instance() {
   app_info.engineVersion = VK_MAKE_VERSION(0, 0, 1);
   app_info.apiVersion = VK_API_VERSION_1_3;
 
-  VkInstanceCreateInfo instance_info;
+  VkInstanceCreateInfo instance_info = {};
   instance_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_INSTANCE_CREATE_INFO;
   instance_info.pApplicationInfo = &app_info;
 
+  instance_info.enabledLayerCount = validation_layer_count;
+  instance_info.ppEnabledLayerNames = validation_layers;
+
   uint32_t glfwExtensionCount = 0;
   const char** glfwExtensions;
 
   glfwExtensions = glfwGetRequiredInstanceExtensions(&glfwExtensionCount);
 
-  const char** requested_extensions = malloc(sizeof(char*)*(glfwExtensionCount+1));
+  const char** requested_extensions = malloc(sizeof(char*)*(glfwExtensionCount + instance_extension_count));
   for (uint32_t i = 0; i < glfwExtensionCount; i++) {
     requested_extensions[i] = glfwExtensions[i];
   }
 
-  requested_extensions[glfwExtensionCount] = VK_KHR_PORTABILITY_ENUMERATION_EXTENSION_NAME;
+  for (uint32_t i = 0; i < instance_extension_count; i++) {
+    requested_extensions[glfwExtensionCount + i] = instance_extensions[i];
+  }
 
-  instance_info.enabledExtensionCount = glfwExtensionCount + 1;
+  instance_info.enabledExtensionCount = glfwExtensionCount + instance_extension_count;
   instance_info.ppEnabledExtensionNames = requested_extensions;
 
-  instance_info.enabledLayerCount = 0;
   instance_info.flags |= VK_INSTANCE_CREATE_ENUMERATE_PORTABILITY_BIT_KHR;
 
-
   VkResult result = vkCreateInstance(&instance_info, 0, &instance);
   if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
     fprintf(stderr, "vkCreateInstance: 0x%02x\n", result);
-    return 0;
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
   }
 
   free(requested_extensions);
@@ -69,14 +315,242 @@ VkInstance create_instance() {
   return instance;
 }
 
-int init_vulkan() {
+VkDevice create_logical_device(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device, QueueIndices queue_indices) {
+  VkDevice device;
+
+  VkDeviceQueueCreateInfo queue_create_info[2] = {};
+  uint32_t queue_create_count;
+  float default_queue_priority = 1.0f;
+  if(queue_indices.graphics_family == queue_indices.present_family) {
+    queue_create_info[0].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
+    queue_create_info[0].queueFamilyIndex = queue_indices.graphics_family;
+    queue_create_info[0].queueCount = 1;
+    queue_create_info[0].pQueuePriorities = &default_queue_priority;
+    queue_create_count = 1;
+  } else {
+    queue_create_info[0].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
+    queue_create_info[0].queueFamilyIndex = queue_indices.graphics_family;
+    queue_create_info[0].queueCount = 1;
+    queue_create_info[0].pQueuePriorities = &default_queue_priority;
+
+    queue_create_info[1].sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_QUEUE_CREATE_INFO;
+    queue_create_info[1].queueFamilyIndex = queue_indices.present_family;
+    queue_create_info[1].queueCount = 1;
+    queue_create_info[1].pQueuePriorities = &default_queue_priority;
+    queue_create_count = 2;
+  }
+
+
+  VkPhysicalDeviceFeatures device_features = {};
+
+  VkDeviceCreateInfo device_create_info = {};
+  device_create_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_DEVICE_CREATE_INFO;
+  device_create_info.pQueueCreateInfos = queue_create_info;
+  device_create_info.queueCreateInfoCount = queue_create_count;
+  device_create_info.pEnabledFeatures = &device_features;
+
+  device_create_info.enabledExtensionCount = device_extension_count;
+  device_create_info.ppEnabledExtensionNames = device_extensions;
+
+  device_create_info.enabledLayerCount = validation_layer_count;
+  device_create_info.ppEnabledLayerNames = validation_layers;
+
+  VkResult result = vkCreateDevice(physical_device, &device_create_info, 0, &device);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+  }
+
+  return device;
+}
+
+struct MaybeSwapchainDetails {
+  bool valid;
+  SwapchainDetails details;
+};
+
+struct MaybeSwapchainDetails get_swapchain_details(VkPhysicalDevice physical_device, VkSurfaceKHR surface) {
+  struct MaybeSwapchainDetails ret = {};
+  ret.valid = false;
+  ret.details.formats = 0;
+  ret.details.present_modes = 0;
+
+  VkResult result;
+
+  result = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceCapabilitiesKHR(physical_device, surface, &ret.details.capabilities);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  result = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physical_device, surface, &ret.details.formats_count, 0);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return ret;
+  }
+  ret.details.formats = malloc(sizeof(VkSurfaceFormatKHR)*ret.details.formats_count);
+  result = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfaceFormatsKHR(physical_device, surface, &ret.details.formats_count, ret.details.formats);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    free(ret.details.formats);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  result = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physical_device, surface, &ret.details.present_modes_count, 0);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    free(ret.details.formats);
+    return ret;
+  }
+  ret.details.present_modes = malloc(sizeof(VkPresentModeKHR)*ret.details.present_modes_count);
+  result = vkGetPhysicalDeviceSurfacePresentModesKHR(physical_device, surface, &ret.details.present_modes_count, ret.details.present_modes);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    free(ret.details.formats);
+    free(ret.details.present_modes);
+    return ret;
+  }
+
+  ret.valid = true;
+  return ret;
+}
+
+VkSurfaceFormatKHR choose_swapchain_format(SwapchainDetails swapchain_details) {
+  for(uint32_t i = 0; i < swapchain_details.formats_count; i++) {
+    VkSurfaceFormatKHR format = swapchain_details.formats[i];
+    if(format.format == VK_FORMAT_B8G8R8A8_SRGB && format.colorSpace == VK_COLOR_SPACE_SRGB_NONLINEAR_KHR) {
+      return format;
+    }
+  }
+  return swapchain_details.formats[0];
+}
+
+VkPresentModeKHR choose_present_mode(SwapchainDetails swapchain_details) {
+  for(uint32_t i = 0; i < swapchain_details.present_modes_count; i++) {
+    if(swapchain_details.present_modes[i] == VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR) {
+      return VK_PRESENT_MODE_MAILBOX_KHR;
+    }
+  }
+
+  return VK_PRESENT_MODE_FIFO_KHR;
+}
+
+VkExtent2D choose_swapchain_extent(SwapchainDetails swapchain_details) {
+  return swapchain_details.capabilities.currentExtent;
+}
+
+VkSwapchainKHR create_swapchain(VkDevice device, SwapchainDetails swapchain_details, VkSurfaceKHR surface, QueueIndices indices, VkSwapchainKHR old_swapchain) {
+  VkSurfaceFormatKHR format = choose_swapchain_format(swapchain_details);
+  VkPresentModeKHR present_mode = choose_present_mode(swapchain_details);
+  VkExtent2D extent = choose_swapchain_extent(swapchain_details);
+
+  uint32_t image_count = swapchain_details.capabilities.minImageCount + 1;
+  uint32_t max_images = swapchain_details.capabilities.maxImageCount;
+  if((max_images > 0) && (image_count > max_images)) {
+    image_count = max_images;
+  }
+
+  VkSwapchainCreateInfoKHR swapchain_info = {};
+  swapchain_info.sType = VK_STRUCTURE_TYPE_SWAPCHAIN_CREATE_INFO_KHR;
+  swapchain_info.surface = surface;
+  swapchain_info.minImageCount = image_count;
+  swapchain_info.imageFormat = format.format;
+  swapchain_info.imageColorSpace = format.colorSpace;
+  swapchain_info.imageExtent = extent;
+  swapchain_info.imageArrayLayers = 1;
+  swapchain_info.imageUsage = VK_IMAGE_USAGE_COLOR_ATTACHMENT_BIT;
+
+  uint32_t queue_families[2] = {indices.graphics_family, indices.present_index};
+  if(indices.graphics_family != indices.present_family) {
+    swapchain_info.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_CONCURRENT;
+    swapchain_info.queueFamilyIndexCount = 2;
+    swapchain_info.pQueueFamilyIndices = queue_families;
+  } else {
+    swapchain_info.imageSharingMode = VK_SHARING_MODE_EXCLUSIVE;
+    swapchain_info.queueFamilyIndexCount = 0;
+    swapchain_info.pQueueFamilyIndices = 0;
+  }
+
+  swapchain_info.preTransform = swapchain_details.capabilities.currentTransform;
+  swapchain_info.compositeAlpha = VK_COMPOSITE_ALPHA_INHERIT_BIT_KHR;
+  swapchain_info.presentMode = present_mode;
+  swapchain_info.clipped = VK_TRUE;
+
+  swapchain_info.oldSwapchain = old_swapchain;
+
+  VkSwapchainKHR swapchain;
+  VkResult result;
+  result = vkCreateSwapchainKHR(device, &swapchain_info, 0, &swapchain);
+  if(result != VK_SUCCESS) {
+    return VK_NULL_HANDLE;
+  }
+
+  return swapchain;
+}
+
+VulkanContext* init_vulkan(GLFWwindow* window) {
+  VulkanContext* context = (VulkanContext*)malloc(sizeof(VulkanContext));
+
   VkInstance instance = create_instance();
-  if(instance == 0) {
+  if(instance == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
-    return 1;
+    fprintf(stderr, "failed to initialize vulkan instance\n");
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    context->instance = instance;
+  }
+
+  VkDebugUtilsMessengerEXT debug_messenger = create_debug_messenger(context->instance);
+  if(debug_messenger == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "failed to initialize vulkan debug messenger\n");
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    context->debug_messenger = debug_messenger;
+  }
+
+  VkPhysicalDevice physical_device = get_best_physical_device(context->instance);
+  if(physical_device == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "failed to pick vulkan physical device\n");
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    context->physical_device = physical_device;
+  }
+
+  VkSurfaceKHR surface = create_surface_khr(context->instance, window);
+  if(surface == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "failed to create vulkan surface\n");
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    context->surface = surface;
+  }
+
+  struct MaybeQueueIndices maybe_indices = get_queue_indices(context->physical_device, context->surface);
+  if(maybe_indices.valid == false) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "failed to get vulkan queue indices\n");
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    context->queue_indices = maybe_indices.indices;
   }
 
-  vkDestroyInstance(instance, 0);
+  VkDevice device = create_logical_device(context->physical_device, context->queue_indices);
+  if(device == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "failed to create vulkan logical device\n");
     return 0;
+  } else {
+    context->device = device;
+  }
+  vkGetDeviceQueue(device, context->queue_indices.graphics_family, context->queue_indices.graphics_index, &context->queues.graphics);
+  vkGetDeviceQueue(device, context->queue_indices.present_family, context->queue_indices.present_index, &context->queues.present);
+
+  struct MaybeSwapchainDetails maybe_details = get_swapchain_details(context->physical_device, context->surface);
+  if(maybe_details.valid == false) {
+    fprintf(stderr, "failed to create vulkan logical device\n");
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    context->swapchain_details = maybe_details.details;
+  }
+
+  VkSwapchainKHR swapchain = create_swapchain(context->device, context->swapchain_details, context->surface, context->queue_indices, VK_NULL_HANDLE);
+  if(swapchain == VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+    return 0;
+  } else {
+    context->swapchain = swapchain;
+  }
+
+  return context;
 }
 
 void main_loop(GLFWwindow* window) {
@@ -85,10 +559,35 @@ void main_loop(GLFWwindow* window) {
   }
 }
 
-void cleanup(GLFWwindow* window) {
+void cleanup(GLFWwindow* window, VulkanContext* context) {
-  glfwDestroyWindow(window);
+  if(context != 0) {
+    if(context->instance != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+      if(context->swapchain != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkDestroySwapchainKHR(context->device, context->swapchain, 0);
+      }
 
+      if(context->surface != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkDestroySurfaceKHR(context->instance, context->surface, 0);
+      }
+
+      if(context->device != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        vkDestroyDevice(context->device, 0);
+      }
+
+      if(context->debug_messenger != VK_NULL_HANDLE) {
+        PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT destroy_messenger = (PFN_vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT)vkGetInstanceProcAddr(context->instance, "vkDestroyDebugUtilsMessengerEXT");
+        destroy_messenger(context->instance, context->debug_messenger, 0);
+      }
+
+      vkDestroyInstance(context->instance, 0);
+    }
+    free(context);
+  }
+
+  if(window != 0) {
+    glfwDestroyWindow(window);
     glfwTerminate();
+  }
 }
 
 int main() {
@@ -98,15 +597,15 @@ int main() {
     return 1;
   }
 
-  int result = init_vulkan();
+  VulkanContext* context = init_vulkan(window);
-  if (result != 0) {
+  if (context == 0) {
-    fprintf(stderr, "failed to initialize vulkan: err %d\n", result);
+    fprintf(stderr, "failed to initialize vulkan context\n");
     return 2;
   }
 
   main_loop(window);
 
-  cleanup(window);
+  cleanup(window, context);
 
   return 0;
 }