Add a html version of the LUA API doc, package it.
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| :Author: David Goodger (goodger@python.org) | ||||
| :Id: $Id: html4css1.css 7056 2011-06-17 10:50:48Z milde $ | ||||
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 | ||||
| </style> | ||||
| </head> | ||||
| <body> | ||||
| <div class="document" id="dfhack-lua-api"> | ||||
| <h1 class="title">DFHack Lua API</h1> | ||||
| 
 | ||||
| <div class="contents topic" id="contents"> | ||||
| <p class="topic-title first">Contents</p> | ||||
| <ul class="simple"> | ||||
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#df-structure-wrapper" id="id1">DF structure wrapper</a><ul> | ||||
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#typed-object-references" id="id2">Typed object references</a><ul> | ||||
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#primitive-references" id="id3">Primitive references</a></li> | ||||
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#struct-references" id="id4">Struct references</a></li> | ||||
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#container-references" id="id5">Container references</a></li> | ||||
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#bitfield-references" id="id6">Bitfield references</a></li> | ||||
| </ul> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#named-types" id="id7">Named types</a></li> | ||||
| <li><a class="reference internal" href="#global-functions" id="id8">Global functions</a></li> | ||||
| </ul> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| </ul> | ||||
| </div> | ||||
| <div class="section" id="df-structure-wrapper"> | ||||
| <h1><a class="toc-backref" href="#id1">DF structure wrapper</a></h1> | ||||
| <p>DF structures described by the xml files in library/xml are exported | ||||
| to lua code as a tree of objects and functions under the <tt class="docutils literal">df</tt> global, | ||||
| which broadly maps to the <tt class="docutils literal">df</tt> namespace in C++.</p> | ||||
| <p><strong>WARNING</strong>: The wrapper provides almost raw access to the memory | ||||
| of the game, so mistakes in manipulating objects are as likely to | ||||
| crash the game as equivalent plain C++ code would be. E.g. NULL | ||||
| pointer access is safely detected, but dangling pointers aren't.</p> | ||||
| <p>Objects managed by the wrapper can be broadly classified into the following groups:</p> | ||||
| <ol class="arabic"> | ||||
| <li><p class="first">Typed object pointers (references).</p> | ||||
| <p>References represent objects in DF memory with a known type.</p> | ||||
| <p>In addition to fields and methods defined by the wrapped type, | ||||
| every reference has some built-in properties and methods.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first">Untyped pointers</p> | ||||
| <p>Represented as lightuserdata.</p> | ||||
| <p>In assignment to a pointer NULL can be represented either as | ||||
| <tt class="docutils literal">nil</tt>, or a NULL lightuserdata; reading a NULL pointer field | ||||
| returns <tt class="docutils literal">nil</tt>.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first">Named types</p> | ||||
| <p>Objects in the <tt class="docutils literal">df</tt> tree that represent identity of struct, class, | ||||
| enum and bitfield types. They host nested named types, static | ||||
| methods, builtin properties & methods, and, for enums and bitfields, | ||||
| the bi-directional mapping between key names and values.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first">The <tt class="docutils literal">global</tt> object</p> | ||||
| <p><tt class="docutils literal">df.global</tt> corresponds to the <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">df::global</span></tt> namespace, and | ||||
| behaves as a mix between a named type and a reference, containing | ||||
| both nested types and fields corresponding to global symbols.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| </ol> | ||||
| <p>In addition to the <tt class="docutils literal">global</tt> object and top-level types the <tt class="docutils literal">df</tt> | ||||
| global also contains a few global builtin utility functions.</p> | ||||
| <div class="section" id="typed-object-references"> | ||||
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id2">Typed object references</a></h2> | ||||
| <p>The underlying primitive lua object is userdata with a metatable. | ||||
| Every structured field access produces a new userdata instance.</p> | ||||
| <p>All typed objects have the following built-in features:</p> | ||||
| <ul> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref1 == ref2</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">tostring(ref)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>References implement equality by type & pointer value, and string conversion.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">pairs(ref)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Returns an iterator for the sequence of actual C++ field names | ||||
| and values. Fields are enumerated in memory order. Methods and | ||||
| lua wrapper properties are not included in the iteration.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref._kind</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Returns one of: <tt class="docutils literal">primitive</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">struct</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">container</tt>, | ||||
| or <tt class="docutils literal">bitfield</tt>, as appropriate for the referenced object.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref._type</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Returns the named type object or a string that represents | ||||
| the referenced object type.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref:sizeof()</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Returns <em>size, address</em></p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref:new()</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Allocates a new instance of the same type, and copies data | ||||
| from the current object.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref:delete()</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Destroys the object with the C++ <tt class="docutils literal">delete</tt> operator. | ||||
| If destructor is not available, returns <em>false</em>.</p> | ||||
| <p><strong>WARNING</strong>: the lua reference object remains as a dangling | ||||
| pointer, like a raw C++ pointer would.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref:assign(object)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Assigns data from object to ref. Object must either be another | ||||
| ref of a compatible type, or a lua table; in the latter case | ||||
| special recursive assignment rules are applied.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ref:_displace(index[,step])</span></tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Returns a new reference with the pointer adjusted by index*step. | ||||
| Step defaults to the natural object size.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| </ul> | ||||
| <div class="section" id="primitive-references"> | ||||
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id3">Primitive references</a></h3> | ||||
| <p>References of the <em>_kind</em> <tt class="docutils literal">'primitive'</tt> are used for objects | ||||
| that don't fit any of the other reference types. Such | ||||
| references can only appear as a value of a pointer field, | ||||
| or as a result of calling the <tt class="docutils literal">_field()</tt> method.</p> | ||||
| <p>They behave as structs with one field <tt class="docutils literal">value</tt> of the right type.</p> | ||||
| </div> | ||||
| <div class="section" id="struct-references"> | ||||
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id4">Struct references</a></h3> | ||||
| <p>Struct references are used for class and struct objects.</p> | ||||
| <p>They implement the following features:</p> | ||||
| <ul> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref.field</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">ref.field = value</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Valid fields of the structure may be accessed by subscript.</p> | ||||
| <p>In case of inheritance, <em>superclass</em> fields have precedence | ||||
| over the subclass, but fields shadowed in this way can still | ||||
| be accessed as <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ref['subclasstype.field']</span></tt>.</p> | ||||
| <p>This shadowing order is necessary because vtable-based classes | ||||
| are automatically exposed in their exact type, and the reverse | ||||
| rule would make access to superclass fields unreliable.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref._field(field)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Returns a reference to a valid field. That is, unlike regular | ||||
| subscript, it returns a pointer reference even for primitive | ||||
| typed fields.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">ref:vmethod(args...)</span></tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Named virtual methods are also exposed, subject to the same | ||||
| shadowing rules.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">pairs(ref)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Enumerates all real fields (but not methods) in memory | ||||
| (= declaration) order.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| </ul> | ||||
| </div> | ||||
| <div class="section" id="container-references"> | ||||
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id5">Container references</a></h3> | ||||
| <p>Containers represent vectors and arrays, possibly resizable.</p> | ||||
| <p>A container field can associate an enum to the container | ||||
| reference, which allows accessing elements using string keys | ||||
| instead of numerical indices.</p> | ||||
| <p>Implemented features:</p> | ||||
| <ul> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref._enum</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>If the container has an associated enum, returns the matching | ||||
| named type object.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">#ref</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Returns the <em>length</em> of the container.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref[index]</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Accesses the container element, using either a <em>0-based</em> numerical | ||||
| index, or, if an enum is associated, a valid enum key string.</p> | ||||
| <p>Accessing an invalid index is an error, but some container types | ||||
| may return a default value, or auto-resize instead for convenience. | ||||
| Currently this relaxed mode is implemented by df-flagarray aka BitArray.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref._field(index)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Like with structs, returns a pointer to the array element, if possible. | ||||
| Flag and bit arrays cannot return such pointer, so it fails with an error.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">pairs(ref)</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">ipairs(ref)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>If the container has no associated enum, both behave identically, | ||||
| iterating over numerical indices in order. Otherwise, ipairs still | ||||
| uses numbers, while pairs tries to substitute enum keys whenever | ||||
| possible.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref:resize(new_size)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Resizes the container if supported, or fails with an error.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref:insert(index,item)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Inserts a new item at the specified index. To add at the end, | ||||
| use <tt class="docutils literal">#ref</tt> as index.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">ref:erase(index)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Removes the element at the given valid index.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| </ul> | ||||
| </div> | ||||
| <div class="section" id="bitfield-references"> | ||||
| <h3><a class="toc-backref" href="#id6">Bitfield references</a></h3> | ||||
| <p>Bitfields behave like special fixed-size containers. | ||||
| The <tt class="docutils literal">_enum</tt> property points to the bitfield type.</p> | ||||
| <p>Numerical indices correspond to the shift value, | ||||
| and if a subfield occupies multiple bits, the | ||||
| <tt class="docutils literal">ipairs</tt> order would have a gap.</p> | ||||
| </div> | ||||
| </div> | ||||
| <div class="section" id="named-types"> | ||||
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id7">Named types</a></h2> | ||||
| <p>Named types are exposed in the <tt class="docutils literal">df</tt> tree with names identical | ||||
| to the C++ version, except for the <tt class="docutils literal">::</tt> vs <tt class="docutils literal">.</tt> difference.</p> | ||||
| <p>All types and the global object have the following features:</p> | ||||
| <ul> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">type._kind</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Evaluates to one of <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">struct-type</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">class-type</span></tt>, <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">enum-type</span></tt>, | ||||
| <tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">bitfield-type</span></tt> or <tt class="docutils literal">global</tt>.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">type._identity</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Contains a lightuserdata pointing to the underlying | ||||
| DFHack::type_instance object.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| </ul> | ||||
| <p>Types excluding the global object also support:</p> | ||||
| <ul> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">type:sizeof()</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Returns the size of an object of the type.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">type:new()</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Creates a new instance of an object of the type.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">type:is_instance(object)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Returns true if object is same or subclass type, or a reference | ||||
| to an object of same or subclass type. It is permissible to pass | ||||
| nil, NULL or non-wrapper value as object; in this case the | ||||
| method returns nil.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| </ul> | ||||
| <p>In addition to this, enum and bitfield types contain a | ||||
| bi-directional mapping between key strings and values, and | ||||
| also map <tt class="docutils literal">_first_item</tt> and <tt class="docutils literal">_last_item</tt> to the min and | ||||
| max values.</p> | ||||
| <p>Struct and class types with instance-vector attribute in the | ||||
| xml have a <tt class="docutils literal">type.find(key)</tt> function that wraps the find | ||||
| method provided in C++.</p> | ||||
| </div> | ||||
| <div class="section" id="global-functions"> | ||||
| <h2><a class="toc-backref" href="#id8">Global functions</a></h2> | ||||
| <p>The <tt class="docutils literal">df</tt> table itself contains the following functions and values:</p> | ||||
| <ul> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">NULL</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">df.NULL</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Contains the NULL lightuserdata.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">df.isnull(obj)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Evaluates to true if obj is nil or NULL; false otherwise.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">df.isvalid(obj[,allow_null])</span></tt></p> | ||||
| <p>For supported objects returns one of <tt class="docutils literal">type</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">voidptr</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">ref</tt>.</p> | ||||
| <p>If <em>allow_null</em> is true, and obj is nil or NULL, returns <tt class="docutils literal">null</tt>.</p> | ||||
| <p>Otherwise returns <em>nil</em>.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">df.sizeof(obj)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>For types and refs identical to <tt class="docutils literal">obj:sizeof()</tt>. | ||||
| For lightuserdata returns <em>nil, address</em></p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">df.new(obj)</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">df.delete(obj)</tt>, <tt class="docutils literal">df.assign(obj, obj2)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Equivalent to using the matching methods of obj.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal"><span class="pre">df._displace(obj,index[,step])</span></tt></p> | ||||
| <p>For refs equivalent to the method, but also works with | ||||
| lightuserdata (step is mandatory then).</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| <li><p class="first"><tt class="docutils literal">df.is_instance(type,obj)</tt></p> | ||||
| <p>Equivalent to the method, but also allows a reference as proxy for its type.</p> | ||||
| </li> | ||||
| </ul> | ||||
| </div> | ||||
| </div> | ||||
| </div> | ||||
| </body> | ||||
| </html> | ||||
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		Reference in New Issue